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War economic and political ostrich

Quoted by AFP in The Figaro.fr under the title " Putin encourages economic espionage," the Russian Prime Minister justified the use of "aid for special services" for the collection "intelligence techno-scientific "by the fact that, as do" intelligence services of many countries, "they can work" with significant legal sources.

other words, they would have us believe that " special services "are needed to collect the" technical-scientific information "without" necessarily violating the laws of other countries. "

AFP 18/12 / 2010

Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, a former KGB today called on the Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) to make economic espionage to help modernize Russia.

"There are different spheres of activity for intelligence: intelligence techno-scientific and political intelligence. Therefore, when we have goals of economic modernization, using special services is not enough, "he said, the agency Ria Novosti, in a television broadcast that will air tonight in Moscow.

"That does not mean that we must break the laws of other countries, intelligence services of many countries working with significantly legal sources," added Vladimir Putin.

The Russian authorities have made the modernization of the country their priority, while many factories and infrastructure in Russia still date from the Soviet era and are obsolete.

Le Figaro seems to talk here is based on economic espionage, but is it reasonable from a head of government of one of the greatest powers on earth, to hold such a speech? Is not that a bit worrying that a large Western media relays such a speech without seeming to worry about at all?

By nature, special services are designed to operate in secret, hiding it becomes difficult to justify when one claims to be content to operate legally. Do not assume that this is actually a declaration of war - a statement as a regularization Moreover, as it seems reason to believe that the Russian intelligence services have probably never (as other for that matter) continued to engage in industrial espionage outside their borders - this would show a very great simplicity. Do not see such a public statement in a clear and extremely alarming degradation of the quality of international relations, that is, from the major Western democracies, is blind to the rise of risk a little (relatively speaking) as they did eight decades earlier before the bellicose statements of a man named Hitler.

Maybe can you say to reassure himself, by dint of confusing, in France and elsewhere, business intelligence and special services, Putin's remarks were mistranslated by AFP. In the modern intelligence, operations intelligence is indeed now part of the job the most important and most difficult to achieve, and can in no way be confused with the clandestine collection of intelligence (espionage) that is just one very specific aspect, for this reason given to "special" services. The remarks of Russian Prime Minister would be infinitely more acceptable Indeed if he had talked of using the operational capacity of the information "open" its intelligence services. But who cares?

Perhaps one might be objected that the competencies of services used to swim in troubled waters may be useful for the collection of information called "gray" while remaining within the strict framework of legality and there is nothing shocking about what a great democracy do use these skills. But it is precisely the development of these "gray areas" (which are actually areas of non-right), posing in my opinion the problem and indicates a slow degradation of the quality of international relations. If states, rather than seeking to reduce these gray areas in legislating, trying to take the opportunity to organize the looting of techno-scientific advances of their rivals, it can indeed be pessimistic about the future of good Relations between great nations.

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Public policy intelligence

The recent communication on the public policy of economic intelligence, presented by the Council of Ministers on 8 December by the Minister of Economy, Mrs. Christine Lagarde, is a fundamental first step for a better understanding of economic intelligence. In the logic of my previous posts, yet it remains an important clarification work to be done for this public policy can result in the company by an activity and crafts based on recognized academic discipline sufficiently structured.

She said the three axes around which the action of the state in economic intelligence: business intelligence for the benefit of the French economy, supporting the competitiveness of the economy (public research, influence , export assistance), economic security and intellectual property. Implementation by the interministerial delegation to economic intelligence, this public policy at all levels based on the state apparatus (central government, territories, diplomacy).

So much for public policy put forward by the deputy Bernard Carayon.

For the rest, its translation in private enterprise, but also and especially its academic component that is fundamental, much remains I think to do. In particular, their scope should be defined with greater precision to avoid the shortcomings that I advanced in my two previous tickets, as well as in many other articles . This area can not be strictly into effect identical to that of public policy, which inevitably includes elements strictly sovereign. Do not take note of this inescapable fact, and continue to confuse exploitation of information, decision, policy, secrecy, security, cons-intelligence, business law, intellectual property, influence industry standards and commercial diplomacy, in a single discipline or a single profession, taking the name of public policy, can only lead to disorder, and other abuses rivalries chapels, the news of the last fifteen years has unfortunately confirmed reality.

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After IE, why not BE?

The twists of the case allows Wikileaks by Perrine Créquy of food for thought on how to "exercise of economic intelligence. "

Simple posture for some, state of mind to others, public policy for others, strategic function within the company for those wishing to make their profession, academic discipline for those who want to advance their teaching methods and ..., fuzzy concept no doubt, the intelligence seems elusive. Its nature and in fact seems as imprecise as its scope, covering a wide range from documentary to watch the influence through the strategy and the protection of secrecy, is great.

Here it is now promoted to the rank of quality: there is evidence of intelligence (EI) as shown bravery or generosity, or as we could show, conversely, stupidity Economic (BE). Not sure that this profession, whose practitioners now have a union to represent them, it becomes clearer.

Economic intelligence, "this terminology misnomer because few explicit", as recognized by Olivier Buquen the interministerial delegate in charge of the case (D2IE), does she deserve to be not suitable because they can be changed? As I suggested in my previous post , it could be reserved for public policy advocated by Bernard Carayon (and implemented by the interministerial delegate), while "the use of intelligence" (or useful information ) may designate the academic discipline (and profession) and the "Business Intelligence" (or business information), its declination in business.

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Economic intelligence or "the art of seeing without being seen"

Among the many definitions or characterizations of economic intelligence, the latter, we Mael Le Hir book title of a post on his blog Vedocci , seems interesting analyze because, if it may seem efficient, it is nonetheless somewhat ambiguous and may well lead to confusion.

This formula describes the intelligence as " the art of seeing without being seen " indeed has the disadvantage of happily apply to espionage, intelligence activity which Economic constantly seek to differentiate themselves.

We understand yet what it means to its author, who is also specified in the body of the ticket or " art that displays a company to provide maximum information for strategic purposes, while protecting up its data. In this latest version, more explicit ready indeed much less confusing. It is obviously not a spy, but information retrieval "strategic" one hand, and protection of its confidential information to the other. The precision is useful for not be open to criticism which would point not without reason that if the company has an urgent need to see or learn to act and undertake, however, it did not intend to hide any more than it needed. At most she need and duty to ensure the confidentiality of information it generates or manipulates it and which could benefit its competitors, which is very different.

But beyond what could pass for a mere excess of formality, the ambiguity of the formula is noteworthy because it raises a fundamental question about the relevance of the merger within the same discipline ; two activities as diverse and contradictory as are the research and protection of strategic information.

I already addressed this issue of the "paradox of strategic information" in an article already former, which the reader can refer. I gave the conclusions he had drawn in my opinion for intelligence " The secrecy is obviously the work of all " but " is also a trade recognized "and required that often requires professional intervention . " This specific business can not be confused with intelligence, which covers the entire spectrum of information processing (control of the exploitation of sources of information), and is fundamentally different practices. Although they are both serving the same strategic goal, confused denies the existence of one or the other. This amalgam is harmful for intelligence and always dangerous to confidentiality. "

In a more recent article , I pulled consequences applicable economic intelligence, in its aspect that I propose to call "information * Business" by defining it thus: "The intelligence enterprise is the function whose purpose is to deliver to policy makers in the company's knowledge resources in decision-making in the uncertain environment of economic activities (financial, commercial or industrial). It stands, not only of espionage (which is or should be obvious), but the Security Intelligence within government departments, in that it can not exploit sources practicing clandestine research activities. To avoid any risk of drift and confusion with the vocation of State for intelligence and security sided mild or illegal measures and security arrangements within the company must be clearly separated from the perimeter of intelligence. Indeed, the requirements related to protection or safety, of course, involve primarily the individual measures on the part of businesses, the public is still only able to be supplemented by provisions within its sovereign functions, including security intelligence, which must therefore be strictly excluded from the scope of business of the company. "

Perhaps the intelligence to gain inspiration from these findings and provisions that might follow, that I summarized roughly as follows:

• reserve the term "intelligence" on public policy advocated by Bernard Carayon;
• promote the creation of an academic discipline on civil Intelligence (or function operation) with the objective to develop, on the basis of precise definitions of its various ingredients, research programs and related training designed to create a pool of professionals in the intelligence function to the sovereign functions of state security (intelligence security) for public-private partnership in terms of influence (intelligence influence), as well as for businesses (information - or information - business);
• finally encourage rehabilitation, these new bases , the intelligence function within companies, as part of an activity officially called "business intelligence" clearly separate the security function, which any government involvement would be formally excluded in order not to distort the most basic rules of competition and to avoid these dangerous liaisons and their derivatives regularly highlighted by the press.

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* Note: for those that the word "intelligence" put off, or who feel, perhaps rightly, that it is too connoted "security" or espionage I propose to designate the discipline by the expression "Exploitation of useful information" and function "information business".

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Intelligence and exploitation of intelligence: the same battle.


A Newswatch ( Practices Business Intelligence , October 2010) Cetim (Technical Centre for Mechanical Industries) offers a synthesis of 10 th European Forum on business intelligence and Strategic (IES 2010). The "new challenges" raised to "cope with the new digital uses" similar to those which operate Intelligence is facing over the past fifteen years. Not sure Web 2.0 is up to the challenges!

In its section entitled "Facing the new uses digital / New research challenges information," the authors note (Laurent and Jean-Marc Couvé Bélot) note that 'with' web 2, the challenges multiply for a watchman: to manage information overload, check his sources, analyze information, automate as much of the research process, analysis, visualization and dissemination of Information ; Neglect nothing, managing multimedia (sound, image, video); know how to manage information in real time to dispose of the collection time to focus on the analysis (currently a part spends 80% of his time collection); manage multilingualism.

Except technological challenges (automation, management of multimedia and multilingual), one finds all the ingredients methodological use of information, excluding the benefit of the analysis which must " dispose collection time."

Do not especially believe that the management of "information overload", the verification of sources, "improved" search process ", the" , visualization and dissemination of information, "the ability to" leave no stone unturned, "management" information in real time, "are challenges that technological advances will be able to face.

Like operation intelligence, economic intelligence, suffers from a lack of theoretical and methodological practices or tools of web 2.0, 3.0 ... or n.0, never managed to fill only .

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Methodology vs. Technology Information and gender of angels

The frightful complexity of the notion of information should it encourage us to avoid any debate about it considering it can give rise to discussions Byzantine? I think quite the contrary it should encourage us to try to master some basic aspects without claiming to have access to any truth about the sex of angels.

This reflection was inspired by a little "parable" found in a signed commentary "LG58" about an article by Robert Guillaumot published March 2, 2008 on the blog Les Echos, entitled The relevance of sources in danger .

"On May 29, 1453 is a Tuesday."

The source of this information is reliable?

Undoubtedly, if we rely on the reputation of the Institute of Celestial Mechanics and Computation ephemeris ( IMCCE ) and / or its supervisory CNRS, Ministry of Education, CNES.

This information is reliable?

Not at all, you're not unhappy, those who claim they are just amateurs who disgrace the profession! This day is weighted according to the Julian calendar, replaced the aftermath of Thursday, October 4, 1582 by Friday, October 15, 1582 of the Gregorian calendar. The weekday schedule in the latter is not at all the same!

This information is relevant?

You understand my little gentleman, should perhaps tell me what you want to do this if you want me to respond!

That day, the 20th day of Jumada-l-ula year 857, while no chapel could no to admit its truth about the sex of angels, Sultan Mehmet He says "the Conqueror" going breaches of the walls of what is never be called Byzantium .

Beyond the joke which could be thought at first approach it aims to denounce the futility of this debate, we must wonder about the merits (I should say the relevance J) of this first analysis, and a lingering little about the moral of the story. We can draw three lessons that I think deserve to be widely pondered in the context of any discussion on the concept of information and actors that surround the great theater of the mind. Sources, reasoning, sense, education, speech communication, are all dressed in costumes made true and false in reality or fiction, which can be attempted to judge the relevance, accuracy, or reliability.

first lesson, a reliable source may submit a proposal accurate, but incomplete information that give the correctness of the interpretation may be called into question (here, the proposal needs to be supplemented issued by a reference to the calendar to represent a true information).

education Second, unlike a proposal, information is neither true nor false, but only complete or incomplete. Only interpretation that gives rise to a proposal may be submitted to the criterion of truth. Information will be known just enough to indicate that the meaning (interpretation) that we can give to its content. The information thus meets a need for meaning, but can not be confused with the meaning it carries itself.

Third education, relevance has meaning only in relation to a question, answer or such information is or is not relevant to the need it fills. Information will be considered relevant to the meaning it carries and the need it satisfied.

This notion of relevance is even more central intelligence that it differs from information in that it responds to a need to know to do that fully characterizes: the information is just information, just in time, the service of right action . Much more than the criteria of reliability, truth or accuracy, moreover very difficult to evaluate is that of relevance (or narrowly indicating adjustment required), which must be taken into account in the Intelligence Assessment.


Without becoming overly hopefully in the tétratrichotomie that some people will not fail to reproach me, these lessons seem to me important to identify to better understand the many difficulties in handling and processing of the raw material that is so sensitive information, especially its Qualification (value, sensitivity). They illustrate the need to do is look at throughout the scope of information, which can range in theory from the notion of linguistic meaning (to the exclusion of the signified which is of the proposal) until the basic notion of sign to which introducing semiotics, beyond the signifier and the referent stimulus.


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vs. Public Safety Private Security

According to a dispatch AFP November 27 signed Cyril Touaux , " earlier job cuts in the police and the gendarmerie, the private security companies are booming, raising fears to some creeping privatization of security . This debate on shared public-private security is interesting because it touches the very foundations of the concept same State and proportion in which can to delegate his monopoly on the legitimate use of violence to the words of Max Weber .

The goal of private companies "is not the general interest", but " make money," laments Nicolas Comte Secretary General USGP of working-Force Police, fearing a a "territorial division between police and private companies." Of course, concern for the general good is not the private side. Should we all refrain from any discussion on shared public-private limited to this single criterion of interest? The private is itself subject to the imperative of efficiency or profitability, which is equally important and not necessarily antithetical to the public interest. Public service, meanwhile, is not infallible guarantee of maximum interest. If its effectiveness proved weak or no public interest just got lost, and it is rather the particular interest of officials underemployed prevail even when unnecessary.


According the union Alliance, second union peacekeepers, very positive about him at this public-private co-production, we must "refocus police and gendarmes on their core business ", namely" public safety, public order , police and intelligence "and" transfer "to" other duties "to" other actors security ". Therein lies perhaps the criterion of choice between public and private, which would leave the public safety of the public domain, and delegate to the private one on private property. The criterion seems quite logical and simple to apply with respect to the "public safety" and "public order", and so is for everything related to the "thing" judicial field undeniably regal.


Regarding intelligence, the criterion is fully applicable particularly important to take into account, provided it clear that this is intelligence. It goes without saying, moreover, since the security intelligence or information of interest criminal justice is therefore actually in judicial affairs. Security intelligence reports to the royal domain and can under no circumstances be delegated to private actors .


This requirement does nothing yet, the "Business Intelligence "information as the preferred official language of wood ignore, but whose reality is not reflected in the term more "sleep" as in that of economic 'intelligence. "The intelligence business, which has nothing to do with the security intelligence service is the corporate strategy that rests solely with the company and therefore the private sector if it is private.


This observation is important because it implies necessarily good mark the difference between security and business intelligence. The company has been in charge of his private security, which applies throughout his private right in which public safety is not intended to intervene. The information that should intervene in security in the context of court cases there is normally no place.


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"The art of dogma in Business Intelligence and Strategic .... "Interview

To avoid frustration an intelligence operation without ...

Find this article in L'Usine Nouvelle dated December 2008 that I found by browsing through my notes which I took the title. From Michel Iwochewitsch, associate director of Strateco, a consulting company in strategy, this analysis without concessions attributed the difficulties encountered by economic and strategic intelligence (ISI) in excess of dogmatism in the profession. I found many ideas with pleasure that I stand for "intelligence culture" I think it necessary to change by strengthening its theoretical basis.

Among the doctrines that he denounces include " most famous as the intelligence cycle! Beautiful "theory" ... But so far from Reality! , with a concomitant "conspicuously absent cycle, the end customer . "Let's be clear " he says, " cycle illustrates the different functions of an organic military intelligence service ... "," leave the cycle to its original role: a simple descriptive organic! .

Other dogma Iwochewitsch pinned by Michel, who says that " IES is to collect information for the decision maker . It " limit the effect of IES minor tasks such as collecting information ", "collection facilitating the emergence of our profession through like barbouzerie and other crossings yellow line ... . The example of the so encouraged " collection of human origin " contributes "to IES mere rumors multiply manifold interactions with the sole purpose" to garner "information "Job he likens to the" gossip "(he uses the English word for it gossiper that can be translated as" gossip "). To conclude on this dogma, Iwochewitsch quotes in English an American analyst whose sentence could be translated as: "The collection without exploitation, it's like foreplay without orgasm, just a little more frustration! .

Other dogma although he advises to forget "this pseudo omniscience IES " which "leads the practitioners to "invest" in many related fields such as security, lobbying, influence, communication, marketing, strategy, etc.. . "Yes ," he says, " IES can support these processes in many ways, but no, the practitioner is not an expert in these fields! . Lobbying is taken as an example: " IES is essential to bring the value-added information in a device of lobbying, which in itself is a decision process, but in any case, a specialist in IES is able in turn to mount a lobbying operation! He knows nothing of the methods and techniques lobbyist. The same applies to other areas of information. " let us focus on our core business ," he adds, " offer companies and operational methodologies that aim to bring the value-added information and streamlines decision-making through it! .

I found satisfaction with at Michel Iwochewitsch many ideas I raised in my Articles about some "intelligence culture" I think it necessary to change by strengthening its theoretical foundation: the inadequacy of the intelligence cycle as taught in textbooks, confusion between intelligence gathering (mostly related to espionage) and intelligence, the importance of the operation, the confusion between the operational business intelligence that aims to enlighten and intelligence function itself.

Iwochewitsch we book Michel concluded his own conception of intelligence, that we can discuss, but is nonetheless original and interesting to analyze. It does not seem at first a radical departure from the definition that is made in the report Marten, but differs in that it still is restricted to addressing the threats. According to him, " IES approach is fundamentally a risk . The craft, " when integrated into the decision process of the enterprise is indeed a risk management activity (...) by analyzing a situation informational made available to a process decision. " " Neither more nor less ... "he adds," and this is in itself an art - complex - and full! .

strategy with much needed information on threats as opportunities, this restriction in the management of risks does not seem to have applied to intelligence in general, but this presentation is nevertheless important merit to draw attention to the notion of risk that is specific to the scope of the strategy and, consequently, the intelligence that illuminates it. Intelligence aims, providing useful information to decision in action to help reduce the risks inherent in any activity conducted in an uncertain environment.

When handling the theoretical concepts for studying the processes involved in developing intelligence, it is often necessary to make the connection with scientific research and interest in the epistemology . What distinguishes the intelligence of scientific research, which both meet a need of knowledge and involve similar mechanisms intellectuals, it is probably this characteristic that has to apply to activities performed in an uncertain environment, so hostile, where the risk is a major part . This finding that the perception of the IES by confirms Iwochewitsch Michel, is the originality of the information considered subject to scientific research, which appears as the field of academic study beyond the strict confines of epistemology.

The author summarizes by saying that " IES is basically a" tool "like other cutting tools - HR strategy, lobbying, legal, etc.. - Which allows a company to receive a contribution of informational quality from various sources . But, he adds, " unlike other disciplines transverse IES now suffers from the fragility of its foundations: some R & D, a methodological body undefined, no publications scientists, etc.. .

To avoid frustration an intelligence without exploitation, which would be like without these preliminary orgasm, we wish, with Michel Iwochewitsch, the university looks finally to the exploitation of intelligence as the true object of research truly distinct from epistemology, its techniques and its original methods as its difficulty in adapting to technical operational current turmoil.

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Read the article by Michel Iwochewitsch

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Read Jacques Breillat among , "Intelligence and Intelligence: An interview with Francis Beau" into two parts ( 1 / 2 ) and ( 2 / 2 ) . This interview brings to develop the necessary distinction between intelligence and espionage, to clarify the conditions for use underground, trying to explain the unfortunate confusion between business intelligence, espionage and information security, to stress instead essential operations, and to differentiate intelligence of anticipation.

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Culture is like jam ... or "The correct use of quotation and sources.

Read below a joke using improper use of citations as comedy shows, and can be an excuse to reflect on the concept of source.

The teacher shows the class a new pupil: "Suzuki". The course begins.

The teacher : - Well, let's see who knows the history of Franco-American culture.

Who said: GIVE ME FREEDOM OR DEATH? Not a murmur in the room.

Suzuki raises his hand: - Patrick Henry, 1775, in Philadelphia.

The teacher : - Okay Suzuki!

And who said: THE STATE IS THE PEOPLE, PEOPLE CAN NOT DARK?

Suzuki raises his hand: - Abraham Lincoln, 1863 in Washington.

The teacher : - Excellent, Suzuki!

Now, who said: I understood you?

Suzuki raises his hand and said: - Charles de Gaulle!

The teacher looks at students and said: - Shame on you! Suzuki is Japanese and knows the French and American history better than you!

then heard a small voice in the back of the class : - Go f ... all you motherfuckers in Japanese!

- Who said that? the teacher protests.

Suzuki raises his hand and without waiting, says: - General Mc Arthur, 1942, Panama Canal and Lee lacocca, 1982 at the general meeting of General Motors ...

In class diving in the silence means a discrete : - Y'm'fait vomit ...

The teacher yells: - Who said that?

And Suzuki replies: - George Bush Senior to the Prime Minister Tanaka during a state dinner in Tokyo in 1991.

One student then rises and shouts: - Pomp'moi the acorn!

Suzuki And without flinching: - Bill Clinton to Monica Lewinsky, 1997 in the Oval Room of the White House in Washington.

Another student he screams: - Suzuki, sort of shit!

And Suzuki Valentino Rossi during the Grand Prix Motorcycle in South Africa in 2002 ...

The room literally falls into the hysteria, the teacher passes out, the door opens and the headmaster appears and says:

- SHIT, I have never seen such a mess!

And Suzuki : - Louis Welsh arrived at the head of the SNCF.

Abdesslam Oulahbib, 01 December 2007 ( and now, a little history )

Comment:

The fall seems to be the salt of the joke, and there are as many versions as characters face situations that we may want to mock the poor organization.

But beyond this interpretation in the first degree, this clever staging can reflect on the culture, its usefulness, the opportunity to refer to them properly, the difficulty of distinguishing its own inputs, proper use of quotations, need to cite its sources, and difficulties to guarantee its originality.

So as a matter of thinking that I will reproduce this piece of humor attributed to an author who is probably actually the author of that fall, so it is difficult to identify the source original view of the multiple existing versions.

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it was a moment that it itched, I finally cracked: I bought a jigsaw! I had no idea what I do but this object was full of promise for my small fingers. So I started the exercise phase: I train in cutting rounded: it is not ultimately so simple, it takes a good snap.


This is not my first year but the one I most accomplished yet.
Once started I wanted to add a small "box".

now I still find lots of other ideas to cushion the beast!

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Humor Intelligence, foresight and strategy

" intelligence in politics is to say in advance what will happen tomorrow, next week, next month and next year .. . And then having the intellect to explain why this did not happen. "(Winston Churchill)
A recent speech by General Vincent Desportes speaking on the topic of strategic thinking French before members of the blog" geostrategic alliance "leads me to clarify my ideas on the process of strategic decision, and the place that the prediction and forecasting (including General Desportes seems wary) I think it should take, without being confused with intelligence.

General says in effect that "operational Foresight is an extremely dangerous " he " be done without losing sight of that war is a dialectical exercise that involves another "and that" the particular point of war is that if you conceive in advance, this war will not . And he adds: "If you plan war, and if in addition, incredible, you tell others how you want to do it, as did the U.S., then this war is not. The Iraqis were not in their staffs March 17, 2003, they had left because they knew perfectly well that the first night of bombing, would be bombed every PC. .
In my various articles, I often defend the idea that intelligence does not enlighten the future but only the present. The forecast can not take the intelligence that is a provider of information useful to the strategist maker. Expect this is already decided by one or several possible scenarios for the future. In this, the prediction is the essence of the decision. Only to have all the facts of the problem, the strategist is necessarily only one who can decide on a scenario "predictable" and take responsibility for a strategy. It is true that in operational activities, forecasting is a difficult art, if not impossible and that the decision in uncertainty remains the preserve of the military leader. It is certainly a good idea that we have in mind when one is tempted to ask the intelligence, as is often the case, to provide forecasts, which he can not do (the information shines than the present, never the future).

But if the forecast or outlook can be expected of intelligence, do they not fall in the middle of the strategy? The idea to prepare for the threats it is important to provide it is not the basis of any strategy aimed at fulfilling the primary function of hosts? Si vis pacem para bellum, it was said in Latin. The idea of preparing for war so it does not take place, has also been brought to its logical extreme with nuclear deterrence.

The example of the U.S. offensive in Iraq March 17, 2003 reflects only one small aspect of the complex phenomenon of war, that of the initial offensive. It does not allow me to support an argument that there would be nothing to "design in advance" (anticipating, planning) strategies on the pretext that the other (the opponent) does not exist yet .

I do not understand is this formula that aims to show that "since no other, there is no strategy. " If the prediction is a difficult art, planning and foresight seem so essential in strategy. The strategist's mission is to prepare its military to deal with any conceivable kind of opponent. This is good for him to investigate all possible fields and prepare to cope. There is not an adversary, but several possible opponents that only foresight is able to emerge even if they are imaginary.

Although we can not know what will be armed in 50 years, the hallmark of a defense policy which is inseparable from a political weapon, is being able to project into the future far enough to be consistent with the time of conception and development of systems weapons increasingly complex. Military thinking is not confined to military action but should address the whole phenomenon war and in particular in its preparation. Clemenceau was undoubtedly correct that the conduct of the war could not be entrusted to the military alone, but there is yet no question that it can not be without them. To this we must add that the war is being prepared, for this purpose it must think, and that either can not be done without them. What would become of strategic thinking if she would just think about the past or present war by refusing to think about the future?

In the process of strategic decision making, forecasting and foresight are clearly distinguished from intelligence, which nevertheless contributes to the power to participate in strategic planning and allow the strategist to anticipate.

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Hello

In line with my previous work, I draw your attention to my previous article published in the International Journal of Intelligence ( R2IE - VOL 2 / 1 to 2010 ) entitled "Culture intelligence and theories of knowledge .
This new work is a synthesis of two previous articles that I had already reported:

- the first dating from 2006 (CEREM / IHEDN) analyzed the three facets of "The economic intelligence, political issues, strategic function and academic discipline, "
- the second which followed in 2009 (R2IE, digital publications) described the outline of a study of the intelligence function that led to the implementation of methods collective work and to develop a theoretical model associated to approximate "Intelligence, information systems and organization of knowledge."

general overview of this synthesis quite naturally in the folder "Intelligence Culture and intelligence" object Call for papers of the R2IE which met my article because, as noted in a French academic, economic intelligence "based on an intelligence culture that remains to disseminate" (Nicolas Moinet, Business intelligence, a Cultural Intelligence Back to the roots of innovation "French", Journal of Safety No. 13, July-September 2010). But for this culture "diffuse" it must live, to renew, expand, adapt to scientific progress, without hesitation sometimes challenging opinions or well-established practices in depart from the orthodoxy, with due observance of science and its epistemological. As noted further Nicolas Moinet, economic intelligence "is not a fad." It corresponds to a need oh so real business, in our globalized world of increasingly complex and hypercompetitive. To meet this need, the discipline should in fact be able to rely on the revival of French culture intelligence finally freed "his demons".

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PLOUNENEC

I forgot to show you what it gave Plouhinec ... the chair of the previous article will therefore go to join his friends soon and I still have a second pair of curtains to make them as the window for twin side living.

should now perhaps I am considering something other than fish, right? ...

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A balance of furniture that I had to customize Plouhinec ... taken by the time and hard work at home I had a little left out the "baaaahhh!-but-why-you 're-took-this-seat-of-old-she-is-ugly ??!!"

Crazy that and say we sat on hay!

The advantage of these old chairs is that the varnish is completely dead, it jumps out of fear at the sight of my little sander, an hour of sanding will be good enough.

Naked chair!

I finally removed the straw is too uncomfortable springs for a simple sheet of chipboard 5 mm and a piece of black foam, covered in striped fabric. I opted for a home decor fabric but my fabric is a bit "soft", it gave nothing, I would see the concept a bit later when I found the right fabric.

voilou And the chair is ready for Plouhinec.

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Oishii Shop

It's been awhile since I had not added a nice website on this blog. That is done!

That said, the format of this site is not practical (800 pixels wide by 2400 pixels high) as opposed to the trend is to exploit the wide screens, this site is small in width but large in height, so you must use for each page the elevator to get to see the whole site.
Moreover, the image above represents the upper third of the site but it is impossible to get a screenshot, as the site takes place at heights.

The ideal size for such a site would have been 1024 pixels wide by 800 high.

Balloon Defence 4 Not Blocked

The old chair cuisinetass

Day after day ...
Initially, 4 years ago, it was like this ...
There was barely a month like this ... provided that you pee yellow tiled cete was possible ... I thought I could wait for a nice kitchen like everyone else but it has to go obviously, it was not for tomorrow so I took out my paint to hide poverty history until something better ...

AAAAAAAaaaaaahhhh! but what is this bazaar!

Flick white on my door batten ...

A trip from Swedish to invest in 4 plates chipboard covered with metal: a small fortune besides thieves should not miss ... We already had a plate of chipboard in our stock marine bazard, remained just adjust. Little bit of white on the tiled: special layer under tiled and white acrylic ... a small doubt on the durability, the rest of the tiled will be with the resin, but we'll see later ...

History swank a bit ...

Ah: to spread the glue on the new tiled (recovered at the store, the rest of the shower ...) I did not squeegee teeth ... eh bé if enough to think: po expensive with that!

My baptism of grinder: I learned only after that in principle there should be a security ... Love that baby had been removed: chroooooo. Still, it's damn more effective than the earthenware tile cutter to cut!

I also spent a bit of a roll on the little cabinet gray exterior and white interior. And that's it!

is not Mobalpa but it throws a bit anyway huh?!

Soon thereafter, I attack the game sink ...

Microwave Office Free

Chateauvieux Opticians Toulouse

Here is a site all in flash that deserves to be among the most beautiful places anywhere.

  Chateauvieux Opticians Toulouse  

Sharp Pains In Anus Constipation

Buquen Olivier, interministerial delegate for economic intelligence:" we're not an intelligence "

In an article entitled " Seen from above by Olivier Buquen, interministerial delegate for economic intelligence " ( lenouveleconomiste.fr of June 1, 2010) , Julien Tarby call on Olivier Buquen its mission to introduce ourselves. It denounces the " French true weakness," which would " the protection of information", but nevertheless addresses the component offensive "in IE it shows as" everything he can retrieve the information . This presentation of the "intelligence" calls for comment.

may indeed wonder about the relevance of "IE offensive" to describe " everything he can retrieve the information . The fact of trying to " retrieve information "would be considered an action" offensive ", an attack or assault, literally an insult. Difficult in these conditions to prevent IE is equated with espionage.

About the purpose of his delegation, said Olivier Buquen " we are not an intelligence ." It goes without saying, since s 'Then act of "economic intelligence" practiced by a state service, and therefore likely to have recourse, as all the "intelligence" of the world, espionage. But, by dint of repeating forum grandstand that intelligence has nothing to do with " intelligence, "you end up mistrust, especially when speaking at the same time" missions "offensive" . Hence the desirability of using a vocabulary clearer.

We are talking about industrial policy which is normally the responsibility of the Ministry of Industry, responsible for ensuring " the creation and / or preservation of employment in the French territory 'and' to competitiveness " French companies " in France and abroad " This closely with departments in charge of our security (Interior, Justice, Defense) and our international relations (Foreign Affairs). If there is need for a " interministerial delegation, which was responsible to create, improve or facilitate this synergy between departments with the "purpose ", " the creation and / or preservation of employment in the French territory, then the competitiveness of our businesses in France and abroad " for this mission, why not designate that a term more easily understood by ordinary mortals that intelligence economic (eg "economic development and security")?

This would allow companies to talk about "business intelligence", performed by companies and only by them, without any ambiguity possible with any "intelligence" and some of their clandestine activities that are the prerogative of states. This "business intelligence" has nothing to do also with the "security services" private bodies to protect the physical assets of the company, nor with the "security" which is the case professionals in total harmony with all users of the company's computer, nor with the "protection of information" that is the case for all employees of the company, the boss at last employees, and must be conducted (guidance and control) as a function (strategic) Transverse essential in the business.

Cellular Respiration Reptiles

cabanos

A bit of yard work this time! it starts with a 38tonnes and Fenwick and only (!) 2 paddles!
It took time to decipher who is who, but after several hours of guessing the guys were able to provide a space for everything.

a man is strong, huh?!

By this cabin we closed almost entirely access to the rear of the house, so we did add a double door of a .30 m to the side to move any large parts. Incidentally it gives one side house at all, not bad.

Waiting to put the shingles on the roof ...

there are only layers of linseed oil to pass, the wood is not treated.

You will notice the speed or these gentlemen have decided to squat the place even though the soil is still awaiting some finishing